Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its parent class, with the same method name, parameters, and return type. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

• The method must have the same name and parameters.
• The return type must be the same (or covariant).
• The method cannot be less accessible (e.g., public → private).
• The overriding method cannot throw broader checked exceptions.
• The method must not be static, private, or final.

• Overloading → Compile-time polymorphism, methods have the same name but different parameters.
• Overriding → Runtime polymorphism, methods have the same name and parameters but are defined in different classes (parent-child).

class Animal {
		    void sound() {
		        System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
		    }
		}

		class Dog extends Animal {
		    @Override
		    void sound() {
		        System.out.println("Dog barks");
		    }
		}

		public class TestOverride {
		    public static void main(String[] args) {
		        Animal a = new Dog(); // Upcasting
		        a.sound(); // Output: Dog barks
		    }
		}

Static methods cannot be overridden, they can only be hidden

class Parent {
static void display() {
		        System.out.println("Static method in Parent");
		    }
		}

		class Child extends Parent {
		    static void display() {
		        System.out.println("Static method in Child");
		    }
		}

		public class TestStaticOverride {
		    public static void main(String[] args) {
		        Parent p = new Child();
		        p.display(); // Output: Static method in Parent
		    }
		}