Spring Bean Scopes
Imagine you have a coffee machine at work. If you want a fresh cup every time, you get a new cup (Prototype). But the machine itself is a single shared appliance for everyone (Singleton).
Bean scopes define how many instances of a bean Spring creates and how long they live.
Bean scopes define how many instances of a bean Spring creates and how long they live.
Spring provides several scopes:
- singleton (default): Only one instance per Spring container. Shared across the entire application.
- prototype: A new instance every time the bean is requested.
- request: One instance per HTTP request (only in web-aware contexts).
- session: One instance per HTTP session.
- application: One instance per ServletContext.
- websocket: One instance per WebSocket.
You can specify scope using
@Scope annotation or scope attribute in XML.import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class MyPrototypeBean {
public MyPrototypeBean() {
System.out.println("Prototype bean created");
}
}
<bean id="myPrototypeBean" class="MyPrototypeBean" scope="prototype"/>
Two Minute Drill
- Bean scope determines the number and lifetime of bean instances.
- singleton: one instance per container (default).
- prototype: new instance on each request.
- Web scopes (request, session) are available in web applications.
- Use
@Scopeto change scope.
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