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terraform / AWS EC2 Deployment
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AWS EC2 Deployment

In this chapter, we'll deploy a real AWS EC2 instance using Terraform. You'll learn how to configure the AWS provider, create a key pair, and launch an instance with user data.

Prerequisites

  • AWS account with programmatic access keys.
  • AWS CLI configured (aws configure) or environment variables AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY.
  • Terraform installed.

Step 1: Configure AWS Provider

Create main.tf:
terraform {
  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 5.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-east-1"
}

Step 2: Create a Key Pair (Optional)

To SSH into the instance, create an AWS key pair:
resource "aws_key_pair" "deployer" {
  key_name   = "deployer-key"
  public_key = file("~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub")
}
If you don't have an SSH key, generate one with ssh-keygen -t rsa.

Step 3: Launch an EC2 Instance

data "aws_ami" "ubuntu" {
  most_recent = true
  owners      = ["099720109477"]
  filter {
    name   = "name"
    values = ["ubuntu/images/hvm-ssd/ubuntu-jammy-22.04-amd64-server-*"]
  }
}

resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  ami           = data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
  key_name      = aws_key_pair.deployer.key_name

  tags = {
    Name = "terraform-web"
  }

  user_data = <<-EOF
    #!/bin/bash
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  EOF
}

output "public_ip" {
  value = aws_instance.web.public_ip
}

Step 4: Deploy

terraform init
terraform plan
terraform apply
After apply, you'll see the public IP. Open http://<public-ip> in your browser to see Nginx.


Two Minute Drill
  • Configure AWS provider with region and credentials.
  • Use data source aws_ami to fetch latest Ubuntu AMI.
  • Launch EC2 instance with key pair and user data script.
  • Output the public IP to access the web server.

Need more clarification?

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