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Docker Integration

Docker is widely used to build, test, and run applications. Jenkins can use Docker to provide clean, ephemeral build environments and to build/push container images.

Installing Docker Plugin

Install the "Docker" and "Docker Pipeline" plugins. Then, configure Jenkins to know about the Docker daemon: "Manage Jenkins" → "Configure System" → "Cloud" → "Docker".

Using Docker as Pipeline Agent

You can run your entire pipeline inside a Docker container. This ensures a reproducible environment.
pipeline {
    agent {
        docker {
            image 'node:18-alpine'
            args '-v /tmp:/tmp'
        }
    }
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'npm install'
                sh 'npm run build'
            }
        }
    }
}

Building and Pushing Docker Images

Use the docker DSL inside a script block.
stage('Build Image') {
    steps {
        script {
            docker.build("myapp:${env.BUILD_NUMBER}", ".")
            docker.withRegistry('https://index.docker.io/v1/', 'docker-hub-credentials') {
                docker.image("myapp:${env.BUILD_NUMBER}").push()
            }
        }
    }
}

Using Dockerfile in Pipeline

You can build an image directly from a Dockerfile in your repository:
docker.build("myapp", "-f Dockerfile .")

Running Containers for Testing

You can run a container (e.g., a database) as a sidecar during tests.
docker.image('postgres:13').withRun('-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret') { c ->
    sh 'run_tests_that_connect_to_postgres'
}


Two Minute Drill
  • Use Docker as pipeline agent for clean, reproducible builds.
  • Build and push images using docker.build() and .push().
  • Run temporary containers (e.g., databases) for integration tests.
  • Always use credentials for registry access.

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