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python / Tuples
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Q1. What is a tuple in Python?
A tuple is an immutable, ordered collection of items. Created with parentheses (). Example: 
tup = (1, 2, 3)
Once created, its elements cannot be changed. Tuples are often used for fixed data and as dictionary keys (since they are hashable).
Q2. What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable. Lists use more memory, tuples are more memory-efficient. Lists have methods like append, remove; tuples have only count and index. Tuples can be used as dictionary keys, lists cannot. Both are ordered sequences.
Q3. How do you create a single-element tuple?
A single-element tuple requires a trailing comma. Example: 
t = (5,)
Without comma, it's just an integer in parentheses. Empty tuple: ()
Q4. What is tuple unpacking?
Tuple unpacking assigns elements of a tuple to multiple variables. Example: 
a, b = (1, 2)
This is often used to swap variables: a, b = b, a. It works with any iterable.
Q5. When would you use a tuple over a list?
Use tuples when data should not change (e.g., coordinates, configuration constants). They are also more memory-efficient and can be used as keys in dictionaries. For functions returning multiple values, tuples are natural.